Linganisha mbinu

	Kipimo cha Ustawi wa Kisaikolojia (Subjective Well-Being Scale)	Kipimio cha PERMA
Nyanja	Saikolojia Chanya	Saikolojia Chanya
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1985	2016
Mwanzilishi	Ed Diener and colleagues	James Butler and Margaret Kern
Aina	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Lyubomirsky, S., & Lepper, H. S. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46(2), 137–155.	Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 1–48.
Majina mbadala	SWB	PERMA Profiler, PERMA Model
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Subjective Well-Being (SWB) Scale is a broad category of brief instruments measuring how satisfied people are with their lives and the frequency of positive and negative emotions they experience. Originating from Diener's foundational work in the 1980s, SWB scales operationalize the recognition that well-being is fundamentally subjective—how people evaluate their lives matters more than external objective conditions. Various forms exist, including the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), and multi-item composites measuring life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect.	The PERMA-Profiler is a 23-item multidimensional measure of flourishing developed by Butler and Kern in 2016 based on Seligman's PERMA model of positive psychology. It assesses five core domains of human flourishing—Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment—plus Negative Emotion and Loneliness as contextual factors. This instrument bridges the theoretical PERMA framework with practical measurement, enabling comprehensive assessment of psychological well-being across multiple life dimensions.