Linganisha mbinu

	Jaribio la Muundo wa Toda-Yamamoto wa Kusababisha	Muundo wa Kielelezo cha Mapumziko ya Muundo (Structural Break VAR Model)
Nyanja	Ekonometriki	Ekonometriki
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	1995 (base); structural break extensions widely adopted 2000s–2010s	1980–1998
Mwanzilishi	Toda & Yamamoto (1995); structural break extensions by Zivot & Andrews (1992) and subsequent applied literature	Bai & Perron (structural breaks); Sims (VAR framework)
Aina	Causality test	Multivariate time series model with regime change
Chanzo asilia	Toda, H. Y., & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes. Journal of Econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250.	Bai, J., & Perron, P. (1998). Estimating and testing linear models with multiple structural changes. Econometrica, 66(1), 47–78.
Majina mbadala	SB-TY causality, structural break modified Wald test causality, Fourier Toda-Yamamoto causality, causality with regime shifts	VAR with structural breaks, break-point VAR, regime-switching VAR, SB-VAR
Zinazohusiana	6	6
Muhtasari	The structural break Toda-Yamamoto causality test extends the standard Toda-Yamamoto modified Wald (MWALD) procedure to accommodate one or more structural breaks in the time series. By identifying break dates first and then including dummy variables in the augmented VAR, the test maintains its valid asymptotic chi-squared distribution regardless of the integration or cointegration order of the variables, even in the presence of regime shifts.	The Structural Break VAR model extends the standard Vector Autoregression (VAR) framework by allowing coefficient matrices and error covariance to shift at one or more unknown break dates. It is designed for multivariate time series where economic relationships change abruptly due to policy shifts, financial crises, or major structural events.