Linganisha mbinu

	Kipimo cha Ukoanifu wa Johansen chenye Kuvunjika kwa Muundo	Model ya Marekebisho ya Hitilafu ya Veta yenye Mabadiliko ya Kimuundo (SB-VECM)
Nyanja	Ekonometriki	Ekonometriki
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	2000–2001	1996–2000
Mwanzilishi	Johansen (1988); structural-break extensions by Saikkonen & Lütkepohl (2000) and Lütkepohl, Müller & Saikkonen (2001)	Gregory & Hansen (1996); Johansen, Mosconi & Nielsen (2000)
Aina	Cointegration test / VECM estimation	Multivariate error correction model with structural breaks
Chanzo asilia	Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2–3), 231–254.	Gregory, A. W., & Hansen, B. E. (1996). Residual-based tests for cointegration in models with regime shifts. Journal of Econometrics, 70(1), 99–126.
Majina mbadala	Johansen cointegration with breaks, break-robust Johansen test, cointegration test with regime shifts, structural change Johansen VECM	SB-VECM, VECM with regime shifts, cointegration model with structural breaks, break-augmented VECM
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	The structural break Johansen cointegration test extends the standard maximum-likelihood Johansen procedure to settings where the multivariate time series exhibits level shifts or trend breaks. By incorporating dummy variables or shift regressors into the VECM, the test determines the cointegrating rank without confounding genuine long-run relationships with regime changes.	The Structural Break VECM extends the standard Vector Error Correction Model to allow the cointegrating relationships, adjustment speeds, or short-run dynamics to shift at one or more known or estimated break dates. It preserves the long-run equilibrium framework of the VECM while explicitly modelling regime changes caused by policy shifts, crises, or institutional changes.