Linganisha mbinu

	Kipimo cha Vikomo vya ARDL cha Mvunjiko wa Kiunzi	Kipimo cha Engle-Granger cha Uko-na-uhusiano
Nyanja	Ekonometriki	Ekonometriki
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	2001–2010s	1987
Mwanzilishi	Pesaran, Shin & Smith (bounds framework); structural break extensions by Bahmani-Oskooee, Enders & Jones, and others	Robert F. Engle and Clive W. J. Granger
Aina	Cointegration / bounds test	Cointegration test
Chanzo asilia	Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326.	Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. J. (1987). Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica, 55(2), 251–276.
Majina mbadala	SB-ARDL bounds test, ARDL bounds test with structural break, Fourier ARDL bounds test, break-augmented bounds testing	EG cointegration test, Engle-Granger two-step method, residual-based cointegration test, EG test
Zinazohusiana	6	5
Muhtasari	The structural break ARDL bounds test extends the Pesaran, Shin and Smith (2001) bounds testing framework to accommodate one or more structural breaks in the long-run relationship between time-series variables. By incorporating break dummies or smooth Fourier terms into the ARDL error-correction equation, it allows researchers to test for cointegration even when the data have experienced shifts in intercept or slope caused by policy changes, crises, or regime switches.	The Engle-Granger two-step method tests whether two or more non-stationary I(1) time series share a common stochastic trend — that is, whether a linear combination of them is stationary. If cointegration is confirmed, an error-correction model (ECM) can be estimated to capture both short-run dynamics and long-run equilibrium adjustment.