Linganisha mbinu

	Nadharia Changa ya Kistrass	Utafiti Shirikishi	Utafiti wa kifani
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1990 (systematic elaboration; building on Glaser & Strauss 1967)	1946	1984 (seminal codification)
Mwanzilishi	Anselm Strauss & Juliet Corbin	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)
Aina	Qualitative research method	Method	Qualitative research design
Chanzo asilia	Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Sage. ISBN: 978-0803932500	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169
Majina mbadala	Strauss-Corbin GT, systematic grounded theory, GTM (Straussian), conditional/consequential matrix GT	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology
Zinazohusiana	6	1	5
Muhtasari	Straussian Grounded Theory is a systematic qualitative methodology developed by Anselm Strauss and Juliet Corbin that generates theory inductively from data through structured coding procedures. Unlike exploratory description, it aims to produce a substantive mid-range theory that explains how a social process unfolds, grounding every theoretical claim directly in empirical evidence collected from participants who have experienced the phenomenon under study.	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.