Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Motisha ya Michezo (SMS)	Kipimo cha Utambulisho wa Kimichezo (AIMS)
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Michezo	Saikolojia ya Michezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1995	1993
Mwanzilishi	Luc Pelletier, Marc Fortier, Robert Vallerand	Britton Brewer, Jean Van Raalte, Diane Linder
Aina	Self-report sport motivation questionnaire	Self-report athletic identity questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Pelletier, L. G., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., Tuson, K. M., Brière, N. M., & Blais, M. R. (1995). Toward a new measure of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation in sports: The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 17(1), 35–53.	Brewer, B. W., Van Raalte, J. L., & Linder, D. E. (1993). Athletic identity: Hercules' muscles or Achilles' heel? International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24(2), 237–254.
Majina mbadala	SMS, SMS-6	AIMS, Athletic Identity
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The SMS is a 24–28 item questionnaire measuring the motivational reasons athletes engage in sport, organized along the continuum of Self-Determination Theory: from intrinsic motivation (inherent enjoyment, mastery, excitement) through extrinsic forms (identified goals, introjected norms, external rewards) to amotivation (lack of intent). Developed by Pelletier and colleagues in 1995, the SMS has become the leading instrument for assessing sport motivation quality and predicting athlete engagement, retention, and psychological wellbeing.	The AIMS is a 10-item questionnaire assessing the degree to which being an athlete is central to an individual's self-concept and identity. Developed by Brewer, Van Raalte, and Linder in 1993, the AIMS has become the standard instrument for measuring athletic identity and is widely used to predict athlete coping responses to injury, career transitions, and retirement.