Linganisha mbinu

	Speech Act Analysis	Uchanganuzi wa Mihadhara Muhimu
Nyanja	Isimu	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1962	Late 1970s–1990s (systematised ~1979–1995)
Mwanzilishi	J. L. Austin and John R. Searle (analytic method derived from speech act theory)	Norman Fairclough; Teun A. van Dijk; Ruth Wodak
Aina	Qualitative pragmatic coding of utterances for illocutionary force	Qualitative research method
Chanzo asilia	Austin, J. L. (1962). How to Do Things with Words. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780198245537	Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and Social Change. Polity Press.
Majina mbadala	Illocutionary Force Analysis, Speech Act Coding, Pragmatic Act Analysis	CDA, Critical Linguistics, Discourse-Historical Approach, Dialectical-Relational Analysis
Zinazohusiana	4	6
Muhtasari	Speech act analysis is the empirical, qualitative method of examining real utterances for the actions they perform — promising, requesting, apologizing, warning, declaring — rather than merely for what they describe. Building on J. L. Austin's insight that saying is doing and on John Searle's systematic taxonomy of illocutionary acts, the analyst segments discourse into utterances, identifies the illocutionary force of each, classifies it (as a representative, directive, commissive, expressive, or declaration), and notes whether the act is performed directly or indirectly. It turns the philosophy of language into a coding procedure that can be applied to conversations, written texts, and elicited data.	Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a qualitative method that examines how language in texts and talk constructs, sustains, and challenges relations of power, ideology, and social inequality. Drawing on linguistics, social theory, and critical philosophy, CDA treats discourse not merely as communication but as social practice — a site where dominance is reproduced and where resistance can be articulated. Developed in the late twentieth century by Norman Fairclough, Teun van Dijk, and Ruth Wodak, among others, CDA is applied to political speeches, media texts, policy documents, educational materials, and institutional interactions.