Linganisha mbinu

	Heterogeneity ya Tabaka la Anga	Sampuli ya Kwenye Kundi (Cluster Sampling)
Nyanja	Usampulishaji	Metodolojia ya Dodoso
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2010	Early-to-mid 20th century; canonical treatment 1953/1977
Mwanzilishi	Jinfeng Wang	Formalized by William G. Cochran; roots in early 20th-century U.S. Census Bureau survey practice
Aina	Geographical detection and stratification method	Probability sampling design
Chanzo asilia	Wang, J. F., Li, X. H., Christakos, G., Liao, Y. L., Zhang, T., & Gu, X. (2010). Geographical detectors–based health risk assessment and its application in the neural tube defects study for the C–H plane. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 24(1), 107–127.	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471162407
Majina mbadala	Geodetector, GeoDetector	cluster random sampling, area sampling, one-stage cluster sampling
Zinazohusiana	3	5
Muhtasari	Spatial Stratified Heterogeneity, commonly known as Geodetector, is a framework introduced by Jinfeng Wang and colleagues in 2010 for measuring and detecting spatial heterogeneity in data and identifying environmental risk factors. It quantifies the degree to which a given factor (variable) explains spatial variation in an outcome and is particularly valuable for environmental epidemiology, ecology, and geographical analysis where spatial non-stationarity is common.	Cluster sampling is a probability sampling technique in which the population is divided into naturally occurring groups (clusters), a random sample of clusters is selected, and all — or a random subset of — members within each selected cluster are studied. It is especially practical when a complete population list is unavailable or when units are geographically dispersed, making individual random selection prohibitively expensive. One-stage cluster sampling surveys every member of selected clusters; two-stage designs add a second random draw within clusters.