Linganisha mbinu

	Muundo wa Usambazaji wa Regression wa Kijiografia (Spatial RDD)	Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity
Nyanja	Uhitimisho wa Kisababishi	Uhitimisho wa Kisababishi
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	2010s	2001
Mwanzilishi	Popularized by Dell (2010); formalized for geographic boundaries by Keele & Titiunik (2015)	Hahn, Todd & van der Klaauw
Aina	Quasi-experimental causal inference	Quasi-experimental causal inference
Chanzo asilia	Dell, M. (2010). The Persistent Effects of Peru's Mining Mita. Econometrica, 78(6), 1863-1903.	Hahn, J., Todd, P., & van der Klaauw, W. (2001). Identification and Estimation of Treatment Effects with a Regression-Discontinuity Design. Review of Economic Studies, 68(1), 201-209.
Majina mbadala	Spatial RDD, Geographic RDD, Border RD Design, Geographic Discontinuity Design	Fuzzy RD, Fuzzy RDD, Fuzzy RD Design, Imperfect RDD
Zinazohusiana	4	5
Muhtasari	Spatial Regression Discontinuity Design uses a geographic or administrative boundary as the threshold that assigns units to treatment. Observations just inside one side of the boundary are compared with those just outside it, exploiting the near-random variation in treatment status near the cutoff to recover a local causal effect. The approach is widely used in economics, political science, and public health when policies or institutions change sharply at a border.	Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design (Fuzzy RDD) estimates causal effects when eligibility for a treatment is determined by a threshold on a running variable but actual take-up of that treatment is imperfect — some eligible units do not receive treatment and some ineligible units do. The cutoff acts as an instrument, and the estimand is a Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) for compliers near the threshold.