Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Uzito wa Alama ya Kuandikisha ya Kimaeneo× | Tofauti za Maeneo-ndani-ya-Tofauti× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Uhitimisho wa Kisababishi | Uhitimisho wa Kisababishi |
| Familia | Regression model | Regression model |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 2000s–2010s | 2015 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Extended from Hirano, Imbens & Ridder (2003) IPTW with spatial adaptations by Keele, Titiunik and others in geographically structured causal designs | Delgado & Florax |
| Aina≠ | Quasi-experimental / causal inference | Quasi-experimental estimator |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Keele, L., & Titiunik, R. (2015). Geographic Boundaries as Regression Discontinuities. Political Analysis, 23(1), 127-155. DOI ↗ | Delgado, M. S., & Florax, R. J. G. M. (2015). Difference-in-differences techniques for spatial data: Local autocorrelation and spatial interaction. Economics Letters, 126, 35–40. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | spatial PSW, geographically weighted propensity score weighting, spatial IPTW, spatially adjusted inverse probability weighting | Spatial DiD, Geo-DiD, Difference-in-Differences with Spatial Autocorrelation, Mekansal Fark-içinde-Farklar |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 6 | 3 |
| Muhtasari≠ | Spatial propensity score weighting extends inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to settings where units are geographically located and treatment assignment may depend on spatial factors such as location, neighborhood characteristics, or spatial clustering. By incorporating spatial covariates into the propensity score model and adjusting standard errors for spatial autocorrelation, it produces more credible causal estimates from observational geographic data. | Spatial Difference-in-Differences (Spatial DiD) extends the classical DiD estimator to settings where observations are geo-referenced and outcomes may be spatially autocorrelated or subject to spillover effects. Introduced by Delgado and Florax (2015), the method augments the standard two-way fixed-effects DiD regression with a spatial lag or spatial error term, yielding unbiased treatment-effect estimates even when policy shocks propagate across geographic units. It is used by economists, regional scientists, and urban planners evaluating place-based interventions such as infrastructure investment, environmental regulations, or zoning reforms. |
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