Linganisha mbinu

	Uzani wa Kinyume cha Uwezekano wa Anga (Spatial IPW)	Uchambuzi wa Regresi wa Angani (Mifumo ya Lag ya Angani na Hitilafu ya Angani)
Nyanja	Uhitimisho wa Kisababishi	Ekonometriki
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	2010s	1988
Mwanzilishi	Extension of Rosenbaum & Rubin (1983) IPW to spatial settings; formal treatment by Papadogeorgou et al. (2019)	Luc Anselin
Aina	Quasi-experimental / causal inference	Spatial regression (cross-sectional)
Chanzo asilia	Hirano, K., Imbens, G. W., & Ridder, G. (2003). Efficient Estimation of Average Treatment Effects Using the Estimated Propensity Score. Econometrica, 71(4), 1161-1189.	Anselin, L. (1988). Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Majina mbadala	Spatial IPW, Geographic IPW, Spatially-weighted IPW, SIPW	spatial econometrics, spatial lag model, spatial error model, SAR / SEM
Zinazohusiana	6	5
Muhtasari	Spatial Inverse Probability Weighting extends the classical IPW estimator to settings where units are geo-referenced and spatial location is a confounding dimension. By incorporating geographic coordinates or spatial proximity into the propensity score model, it reweights the observed sample so that treatment and control groups are balanced not only on measured covariates but also on spatial structure, enabling credible causal inference from spatially indexed observational data.	Spatial regression is a family of regression models that build geographic neighbourhood relationships directly into the model, introduced by Luc Anselin in his 1988 treatment of spatial econometrics. It splits into a spatial lag model, where spatial dependence sits in the dependent variable, and a spatial error model, where the dependence sits in the error term.