Linganisha mbinu

	Uiguzi wa Kijamii wa Kijiografia	Ufafanuzi wa Kibayesia wa Kijiografia
Nyanja	Mbinu za Bayes	Mbinu za Bayes
Familia	Bayesian methods	Bayesian methods
Mwaka wa asili	1990s–2000s	1991
Mwanzilishi	Lahiri and others, building on Efron's bootstrap (1979)	Besag, York & Mollie (CAR prior, 1991); Gelfand & colleagues (Bayesian geostatistics, 1990s)
Aina	Resampling / simulation	Bayesian hierarchical spatial model
Chanzo asilia	Lahiri, S. N. (2003). Resampling Methods for Dependent Data. Springer. ISBN: 978-0387009285	Banerjee, S., Carlin, B. P. & Gelfand, A. E. (2015). Hierarchical Modeling and Analysis for Spatial Data (2nd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN: 978-1439819173
Majina mbadala	spatial block bootstrap, spatial resampling, geostatistical bootstrap, bootstrap for spatial data	Bayesian spatial analysis, Bayesian geostatistics, spatial Bayesian modeling, Bayesian areal modeling
Zinazohusiana	4	2
Muhtasari	Spatial bootstrap simulation is a resampling technique designed for spatially dependent data. By resampling contiguous spatial blocks rather than independent observations, it preserves the local autocorrelation structure of the data and yields valid estimates of sampling variability for statistics computed on geographic or lattice observations.	Spatial Bayesian inference applies Bayesian hierarchical modeling to data indexed by geographic location. By placing structured spatial priors on location-specific random effects, the model borrows information from neighboring regions or nearby points, producing smooth, uncertainty-quantified maps of any spatially varying outcome — disease rates, pollution levels, species abundance, or environmental risk.