Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Kiwango cha Ashworth cha Spasticity× | Upimaji wa Kiwango cha Mwendo kwa kutumia Goniometa× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Tiba ya Viungo | Tiba ya Viungo |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1964 | 1960s |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | B. Ashworth | Physical therapy profession |
| Aina≠ | Clinical rating scale | Measurement technique |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Ashworth, B. (1964). Preliminary trial of carisoprodol in multiple sclerosis. Practitioner, 192, 540-542. link ↗ | Norkin, C. C., & White, D. J. (2009). Measurement of joint motion: A guide to goniometry (4th ed.). F.A. Davis Company. link ↗ |
| Majina mbadala≠ | MAS, Modified Ashworth, spasticity assessment | ROM assessment, Goniometric measurement |
| Zinazohusiana | 3 | 3 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) is a clinical rating scale for assessing muscle spasticity, quantifying the resistance to passive movement on a 0-4 scale plus an additional grade. Originally developed by B. Ashworth in 1964 and refined by Bohannon and Smith in 1987, the MAS is the most widely used bedside tool for evaluating spasticity in stroke survivors, individuals with cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord injury. | Goniometry is the standardized clinical measurement of joint angles using a goniometer (angle-measuring instrument) to quantify range of motion in degrees. Developed from orthopedic assessment traditions, goniometric measurement is a fundamental skill in physical therapy, occupational therapy, and orthopedic medicine for baseline assessment, monitoring progression, and documenting rehabilitation outcomes. |
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