Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Ashworth cha Spasticity	Elimu ya Upye wa Misuli na Mishipa
Nyanja	Tiba ya Viungo	Tiba ya Viungo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1964	1970s
Mwanzilishi	B. Ashworth	Physical therapy and motor control research
Aina	Clinical rating scale	Therapeutic exercise intervention
Chanzo asilia	Ashworth, B. (1964). Preliminary trial of carisoprodol in multiple sclerosis. Practitioner, 192, 540-542.	Neumann, D. A. (2016). Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system: Foundations for rehabilitation (3rd ed.). Elsevier.
Majina mbadala	MAS, Modified Ashworth, spasticity assessment	motor retraining, motor control training, proprioceptive retraining
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) is a clinical rating scale for assessing muscle spasticity, quantifying the resistance to passive movement on a 0-4 scale plus an additional grade. Originally developed by B. Ashworth in 1964 and refined by Bohannon and Smith in 1987, the MAS is the most widely used bedside tool for evaluating spasticity in stroke survivors, individuals with cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord injury.	Neuromuscular re-education is a therapeutic approach using targeted exercise and sensory feedback to retrain motor control, proprioception, and movement patterns following neurological injury or dysfunction. Based on motor learning principles, neuromuscular re-education helps patients reestablish voluntary muscle activation, coordination, and functional movement through repetition, feedback, and progressive challenge.