Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Kiwango cha Ashworth cha Spasticity× | Upimaji wa Misuli kwa Mikono× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Tiba ya Viungo | Tiba ya Viungo |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1964 | 1940s |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | B. Ashworth | Lucille Daniels and Catharine Worthingham |
| Aina≠ | Clinical rating scale | Clinical examination technique |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Ashworth, B. (1964). Preliminary trial of carisoprodol in multiple sclerosis. Practitioner, 192, 540-542. link ↗ | Kendall, F. P., McCreary, E. K., Provance, P. G., Rodgers, M. M., & Romani, W. A. (2005). Muscles: Testing and function with posture and pain (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. link ↗ |
| Majina mbadala≠ | MAS, Modified Ashworth, spasticity assessment | MMT, Muscle strength assessment |
| Zinazohusiana | 3 | 3 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) is a clinical rating scale for assessing muscle spasticity, quantifying the resistance to passive movement on a 0-4 scale plus an additional grade. Originally developed by B. Ashworth in 1964 and refined by Bohannon and Smith in 1987, the MAS is the most widely used bedside tool for evaluating spasticity in stroke survivors, individuals with cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord injury. | Manual muscle testing (MMT) is a clinical examination technique that quantifies muscle strength by applying manual resistance to isometric contractions and grading the result on a standardized scale (typically 0-5). Developed by Daniels and Worthingham in the 1940s, MMT remains the primary bedside method for assessing muscle weakness in neuromuscular and neurological disorders, establishing rehabilitation baselines, and monitoring treatment effectiveness. |
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