Linganisha mbinu

	Mlinganyo wa Sonar	Udhibiti Amilifu wa Kelele kwa Njia ya FxLMS
Nyanja	Akustika	Akustika
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1983	1975
Mwanzilishi	Robert Urick	Bernard Widrow, Samuel Stearns
Aina	Underwater acoustic detection framework	Adaptive noise cancellation algorithm
Chanzo asilia	Urick, R. J. (1983). Principles of Underwater Sound (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 978-0070660816	Widrow, B., & Stearns, S. D. (1975). Adaptive signal processing for active vibration and noise control. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 23(5), 440–453.
Majina mbadala	active sonar equation, passive sonar equation, underwater detection, acoustic range equation	FxLMS, filtered-x LMS, active noise cancellation, ANC
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	The sonar equation is a fundamental framework for predicting the detection range and performance of active and passive sonar systems in underwater environments. Systematized by Robert Urick in his seminal 1983 work, the sonar equation quantifies the acoustic signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) needed for detection, accounting for source level, propagation loss, noise characteristics, and receiver sensitivity. It is the cornerstone of underwater acoustic system design, naval detection systems, marine research, and subsea communication.	The Filtered-x Least Mean Squares (FxLMS) algorithm is an adaptive filter used in active noise control (ANC) systems to reduce unwanted sound by generating anti-noise. Pioneered by Widrow and Stearns in 1975 and refined by Eriksson and colleagues, FxLMS is the most widely deployed algorithm in commercial noise-canceling headphones, hearing aids, automotive cabins, and industrial noise barriers. It works by continuously learning the acoustical path and dynamically adjusting a canceling signal in real time.