Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Social Provisions Scale (SPS)× | Kiwango cha Upweke cha De Jong Gierveld (DJGLS)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Saikolojia ya Kijamii | Saikolojia ya Kijamii |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1987 | 1985 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Carolyn Cutrona and Daniel Russell | Jenny De Jong Gierveld and Fons Kamphuis |
| Aina≠ | Self-report social support assessment | Self-report questionnaire |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Cutrona, C. E., & Russell, D. W. (1987). The provisions of social relationships and adaptation to stress. Advances in Personal Relationships, 1, 37-67. link ↗ | De Jong Gierveld, J., & Kamphuis, F. (1985). The development of a Rasch-type loneliness scale. Applied Psychological Measurement, 9(4), 289-299. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | SPS, Cutrona & Russell Social Provisions Scale, SPS-10 | DJGLS, De Jong-Gierveld Scale, 11-item Loneliness Scale |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 2 | 3 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Social Provisions Scale is a widely used multidimensional instrument for measuring the degree to which individuals perceive their social relationships as providing essential emotional and practical support. Developed by Carolyn Cutrona and Daniel Russell in 1987, the SPS operationalizes the theory that healthy social support requires six provisions: attachment (emotional closeness), social integration (sense of belonging), reassurance of worth (feeling valued), reliable alliance (practical assistance), guidance (advice and direction), and opportunity for nurturance (ability to care for others). The SPS is used extensively in health psychology, gerontology, and stress and coping research. | The De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale is one of the most extensively used brief instruments for measuring loneliness in population surveys, clinical research, and gerontological studies. Developed by Jenny De Jong Gierveld and Fons Kamphuis in 1985, the 11-item scale (with a shorter 6-item version available) measures emotional and social dimensions of loneliness, based on the theory that loneliness arises from a discrepancy between desired and actual social relationships. The DJGLS is valued for its brevity, ease of administration, strong psychometric properties, and widespread availability in 30+ languages. |
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