Linganisha mbinu

	Social Identity Political Measurement	Kiwango cha Utambulisho wa Kitaifa
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Siasa	Saikolojia ya Siasa
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2015	1989
Mwanzilishi	Leonie Huddy, Lilliana Mason & Lene Aaroe	Richard Kosterman & Seymour Feshbach
Aina	Self-report identity scale	Self-report
Chanzo asilia	Huddy, L., Mason, L., & Aaroe, L. (2015). Expressive partisanship: Campaign involvement, political emotion, and partisan identity. American Political Science Review, 109(1), 1-17.	Kosterman, R., & Feshbach, S. (1989). Toward a measure of patriotic and nationalistic attitudes. Political Psychology, 10(2), 257-274.
Majina mbadala	Political Social Identity Scale, Partisan Social Identity Measure, Expressive Partisanship Scale	NIS, National Attachment Scale, Patriotism Scale
Zinazohusiana	4	3
Muhtasari	Social identity measurement in political behavior applies social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) to political groups, treating partisanship, ideology, or movement membership as a social identity rather than a mere instrumental affiliation. Huddy, Mason and Aaroe (2015) adapted Mael and Tetlock-style identity items into a partisan social-identity scale that measures expressive, emotionally charged group attachment and predicts campaign activity and political emotion better than issue agreement.	The National Identity Scale measures the strength and character of individuals' identification with their nation, including attachment to national symbols, pride in national achievements, and sense of belonging to the national community. Developed by Kosterman and Feshbach (1989), it distinguishes patriotism (pride in national accomplishments, willingness to serve) from nationalism (belief in national superiority, willingness to act against outsiders). The measure has become essential in comparative politics, examining how national identity shapes political behavior, attitudes toward immigration, support for international cooperation, and electoral choices.