Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Mwelekeo wa Utangazaji wa Kijamii (SDO)	Kiwango cha Uhalali wa Mrengo wa Kulia (RWA)
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Kijamii	Saikolojia ya Kijamii
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1994	1981
Mwanzilishi	Felicia Pratto, Jim Sidanius, Lisa Stallworth, and Bertram Malle	Bob Altemeyer
Aina	Self-report Likert scale	Self-report Likert scale
Chanzo asilia	Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L. M., & Malle, B. F. (1994). Social Dominance Orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(4), 741–763.	Altemeyer, B. (1981). Right-wing authoritarianism. University of Manitoba Press.
Majina mbadala	SDO	RWA
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Social Dominance Orientation Scale (SDO) is a self-report measure developed by Pratto, Sidanius, Stallworth, and Malle in 1994 to assess individual differences in preference for group-based hierarchy and inequality. The scale measures the extent to which individuals support dominance of some groups over others, reject egalitarianism, and accept hierarchical social organization. It has become central to social dominance theory and is widely used in political psychology and intergroup relations research.	The Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale (RWA) is a self-report measure developed by Bob Altemeyer in 1981 to assess individual differences in authoritarian attitudes, including submission to established authorities, adherence to conventional norms, and aggression toward those perceived to violate social conventions. The scale measures three core dimensions: authoritarian submission, authoritarian aggression, and conventionalism. It has become a cornerstone of research on authoritarianism, political attitudes, and intergroup prejudice.