Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Mwelekeo wa Utangazaji wa Kijamii (SDO)	Kiwango cha Chuki Dhidi ya Jinsia (Ambivalent Sexism Inventory)
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Kijamii	Saikolojia ya Kijamii
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1994	1996
Mwanzilishi	Felicia Pratto, Jim Sidanius, Lisa Stallworth, and Bertram Malle	Peter Glick and Susan T. Fiske
Aina	Self-report Likert scale	Self-report Likert scale
Chanzo asilia	Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L. M., & Malle, B. F. (1994). Social Dominance Orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(4), 741–763.	Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (1996). The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(3), 491–512.
Majina mbadala	SDO	ASI
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Social Dominance Orientation Scale (SDO) is a self-report measure developed by Pratto, Sidanius, Stallworth, and Malle in 1994 to assess individual differences in preference for group-based hierarchy and inequality. The scale measures the extent to which individuals support dominance of some groups over others, reject egalitarianism, and accept hierarchical social organization. It has become central to social dominance theory and is widely used in political psychology and intergroup relations research.	The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) is a 22-item self-report measure developed by Peter Glick and Susan T. Fiske in 1996 to assess both hostile and benevolent sexism toward women. The scale captures the dual nature of sexism: overtly antagonistic attitudes and paternalistic but ultimately restrictive attitudes that present themselves as protective. It has become widely used in gender studies and organizational research.