Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Kulinganisha Jamii (Mazingira ya Mtandaoni)	Kiwango cha Matumizi ya Mitandao ya Kijamii kwa Njia ya Kawaida
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Mitandao ya Kijamii	Saikolojia ya Mitandao ya Kijamii
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2015	2018
Mwanzilishi	Various researchers (Vogel, Wang, Suls & Wheeler)	Jae-Won Hur (and related work by Verduyn, Valkenburg, and others)
Aina	Self-report	Self-report
Chanzo asilia	Wang, J. L., Wang, H. Z., Gaskin, J., & Wang, S. (2015). The role of stress and motivation in social networking sites adoption: From a perspective of uses and gratifications theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 24–32.	Hur, J.-W. (2018). The impact of using social media on reducing social isolation. The Internet and Higher Education, 38, 21–28.
Majina mbadala	USCS, Social Comparison Orientation Online	PSMUSES, Passive Use
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Social Comparison Scale for online contexts measures the frequency and intensity with which individuals compare themselves to peers on social media platforms, with emphasis on upward comparison (to those perceived as superior in attractiveness, success, wealth). Developed and refined by researchers including Vogel and Wang in the 2010s, this scale specifically captures social media-driven comparison processes distinct from general social comparison orientation.	The Passive Social Media Use Scale measures the extent to which individuals engage in passive consumption—scrolling, lurking, and observing others' content—versus active participation like posting, commenting, and messaging. Developed to distinguish between active (interactive) and passive (consumptive) social media behaviors, this scale recognizes that passive use patterns are associated with distinct psychological outcomes including reduced wellbeing and increased social comparison.