Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Kipimo cha Mtaji wa Kijamii× | Kielelezo cha Mwitikio wa Kuingiliana (Interpersonal Reactivity Index)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Saikolojia ya Kijamii | Saikolojia ya Kijamii |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 2000 | 1980 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Robert D. Putnam, Jill Onyx, and Paul Bullen | Mark H. Davis |
| Aina | Self-report Likert scale | Self-report Likert scale |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon & Schuster. link ↗ | Davis, M. H. (1980). A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85. link ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | SCS | IRI |
| Zinazohusiana | 4 | 4 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Social Capital Scale is a self-report measure designed to assess the presence and extent of social capital in individuals and communities. Building on Robert D. Putnam's influential work on social capital as shared norms, networks, and reciprocity, the scale measures dimensions of social connection, participation in community life, and access to social resources. Multiple versions exist, including the scale developed by Onyx and Bullen (2000) with community-level validation. | The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) is a 28-item self-report measure developed by Mark H. Davis in 1980 to assess individual differences in empathy as a multidimensional construct. Rather than treating empathy as a single trait, the IRI measures four distinct empathic dimensions: perspective-taking, fantasy, empathic concern, and personal distress. It has become the most widely used multidimensional empathy measure in psychological and social science research. |
| ScholarGateSeti ya data ↗ |
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