Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Uraibu wa Simu Mahiri cha Toleo Fupi	Kiwango cha Matumizi ya Mitandao ya Kijamii kwa Njia ya Kawaida
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Mitandao ya Kijamii	Saikolojia ya Mitandao ya Kijamii
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2013	2018
Mwanzilishi	Min Kwon, Dai-Jin Kim, Hyun Cho, and Sang Yang	Jae-Won Hur (and related work by Verduyn, Valkenburg, and others)
Aina	Self-report	Self-report
Chanzo asilia	Kwon, M., Kim, D.-J., Cho, H., & Yang, S. (2013). The Smartphone Addiction Scale: Development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PLoS ONE, 8(12), e83558.	Hur, J.-W. (2018). The impact of using social media on reducing social isolation. The Internet and Higher Education, 38, 21–28.
Majina mbadala	SAS-SV	PSMUSES, Passive Use
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) is a 10-item self-report instrument that rapidly assesses smartphone dependency and addiction-like behaviors in adolescents and adults. Developed by Kwon and colleagues in 2013 as an abbreviated version of the original 33-item SAS, it measures core dimensions of addiction: daily-life disturbance, withdrawal, virtual-life orientation, and tolerance.	The Passive Social Media Use Scale measures the extent to which individuals engage in passive consumption—scrolling, lurking, and observing others' content—versus active participation like posting, commenting, and messaging. Developed to distinguish between active (interactive) and passive (consumptive) social media behaviors, this scale recognizes that passive use patterns are associated with distinct psychological outcomes including reduced wellbeing and increased social comparison.