Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Muundo wa Majaribio Mfuatano / Mfuatano wa Vikundi× | Uchambuzi wa Nguvu× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja≠ | Muundo wa Majaribio | Takwimu |
| Familia | Hypothesis test | Hypothesis test |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1979 | 1969 (1st ed.); 1988 (seminal 2nd ed.) |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | O'Brien & Fleming; Pocock; Lan & DeMets | Jacob Cohen |
| Aina≠ | Adaptive stopping trial design | Sample size and power planning |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | O'Brien, P.C. & Fleming, T.R. (1979). A Multiple Testing Procedure for Clinical Trials. Biometrics, 35(3), 549–556. DOI ↗ | Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 978-0805802832 |
| Majina mbadala≠ | group sequential design, adaptive stopping design, Ardışık Deneme Tasarımı (Sequential / Group Sequential) | sample size calculation, power calculation, sensitivity analysis, a priori power analysis |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 3 | 5 |
| Muhtasari≠ | Sequential and group sequential trial designs allow a study to be stopped early — or continued — based on interim analyses conducted as data accumulate. The core framework was formalised by O'Brien and Fleming in 1979 and extended by Lan and DeMets's alpha-spending approach, and it controls the overall Type I error rate across all planned looks by pre-specifying both efficacy and futility boundaries before enrolment begins. | Power analysis is a planning and evaluation technique that quantifies the probability of detecting a real effect of a given magnitude at a chosen significance level. It links four quantities — sample size, effect size, significance level (alpha), and statistical power (1 minus beta) — so that researchers can determine the sample size needed before data collection or evaluate the sensitivity of a completed study. |
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