Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Uchanganuzi Mfuatano (Muundo Mfuatano wa Kikundi)× | Muundo Unaobadilika wa Jaribio la Kliniki× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja≠ | Takwimu | Muundo wa Majaribio |
| Familia | Hypothesis test | Hypothesis test |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1977 | 1994 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | P. C. O'Brien & T. R. Fleming; P. C. Pocock | Bauer & Köhne |
| Aina≠ | Sequential / adaptive hypothesis test | Adaptive hypothesis test with interim analyses |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | O'Brien, P.C. & Fleming, T.R. (1979). A Multiple Testing Procedure for Clinical Trials. Biometrics, 35(3), 549–556. DOI ↗ | Bauer, P. & Köhne, K. (1994). Evaluation of Experiments with Adaptive Interim Analyses. Biometrics, 50(4), 1029–1041. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala≠ | sequential testing, group sequential design, interim analysis, Sıralı Analiz (Sequential Testing / Group Sequential Design) | adaptive design, group sequential design, sample size re-estimation, platform trial |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 5 | 3 |
| Muhtasari≠ | Sequential analysis is a framework for conducting hypothesis tests with pre-planned interim looks at accumulating data, allowing a study to stop early for efficacy or futility while controlling the overall Type I error rate. The group sequential approach was formalised by Pocock (1977) and O'Brien and Fleming (1979), and remains the standard for confirmatory clinical trials and rigorous A/B experiments. | Adaptive clinical trial design is a flexible experimental framework, formalised by Bauer and Köhne in 1994, in which pre-specified rules allow the trial to be modified mid-course — adjusting sample size, treatment arms, or randomisation ratios — based on accumulating interim data while rigorously controlling the Type I error rate. |
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