Linganisha mbinu

	Maswali na Majibu yanayosaidiwa kwa Nusu (Semi-supervised Question Answering)	Uainishaji unaotumia BERT
Nyanja	Ujifunzaji wa Kina	Ujifunzaji wa Kina
Familia	Machine learning	Machine learning
Mwaka wa asili	2006–2020	2019
Mwanzilishi	Multiple (Chapelle et al.; Zhu; Clark et al. for NLP applications)	Devlin, J., Chang, M.-W., Lee, K., & Toutanova, K. (Google AI Language)
Aina	Semi-supervised learning applied to extractive/generative QA	Pre-trained language model with fine-tuning
Chanzo asilia	Clark, K., Luong, M.-T., Le, Q. V., & Manning, C. D. (2020). ELECTRA: Pre-training Text Encoders as Discriminators Rather Than Generators. In Proceedings of ICLR 2020.	Devlin, J., Chang, M.-W., Lee, K., & Toutanova, K. (2019). BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding. In Proceedings of NAACL-HLT 2019 (pp. 4171–4186). Association for Computational Linguistics.
Majina mbadala	Semi-supervised QA, Self-training for QA, Pseudo-labeled Question Answering, SSL-QA	BERT classifier, BERT fine-tuning for classification, BERT text classification, BERT-CLS
Zinazohusiana	6	4
Muhtasari	Semi-supervised question answering (QA) trains a model on a small labeled set of question-answer pairs, then generates pseudo-labels on a large unlabeled corpus and retrains iteratively. This self-training loop dramatically increases effective training data without the cost of full manual annotation, achieving strong performance on reading comprehension, open-domain QA, and machine reading tasks.	BERT-based Classification fine-tunes Google's Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers model on a labelled text dataset, replacing the generic pre-trained head with a task-specific classification layer. It exploits deep bidirectional context from hundreds of millions of pre-trained parameters to deliver state-of-the-art accuracy on short- and medium-length text classification tasks with relatively modest amounts of labelled data.