Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Seasonal Livelihood Analysis× | Coping Strategies Index× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Development Studies | Development Studies |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1981 | 1996 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Robert Chambers, Richard Longhurst & Arnold Pacey; Stephen Devereux and colleagues | Daniel Maxwell; CARE / World Food Programme |
| Aina≠ | Analytical method for understanding intra-annual livelihood variation | Behaviour-based food-insecurity index |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Devereux, S., Sabates-Wheeler, R., & Longhurst, R. (Eds.). (2012). Seasonality, Rural Livelihoods and Development. London: Routledge/Earthscan. ISBN: 9781849714327 | Maxwell, D. G. (1996). Measuring food insecurity: the frequency and severity of 'coping strategies'. Food Policy, 21(3), 291–303. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | Seasonality analysis, Seasonal livelihood programming, Hunger gap analysis, Seasonal vulnerability analysis | CSI, Reduced Coping Strategies Index, rCSI, Coping strategies score |
| Zinazohusiana | 4 | 4 |
| Muhtasari≠ | Seasonal livelihood analysis examines how poor households' livelihoods — their income, food access, labour demand, prices, debt, and exposure to hazards and disease — vary systematically across the months of the year rather than remaining constant. Rooted in the agenda set by Robert Chambers, Richard Longhurst, and Arnold Pacey in their 1981 work on seasonal dimensions to rural poverty and revived by Stephen Devereux and colleagues, it uses seasonal calendars to chart these intra-annual rhythms, locate the lean or 'hunger' season, and time interventions such as social protection so they reach people when need is greatest. | The Coping Strategies Index (CSI) is a behaviour-based indicator of household food insecurity that counts and weights the consumption-related coping strategies households adopt when they cannot access enough food. Developed by Daniel Maxwell in the 1990s and standardised in the CARE/WFP field manual, it asks how frequently a household resorted to behaviours such as eating less-preferred foods, borrowing food, reducing portion sizes, restricting adult consumption, or skipping meals, and combines frequency with severity into a single score that is quick to collect and well suited to monitoring and early warning. |
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