Linganisha mbinu

	Tathmini ya Kipimo cha Kuchuja	Uchambuzi wa Uhusiano wa Dozi-Majibu
Nyanja	Epidemiolojia	Epidemiolojia
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1968 (Wilson-Jungner principles); statistical framework developed 1970s–2000s	Conceptual roots 16th century; modern epidemiological application mid-20th century
Mwanzilishi	Wilson & Jungner (WHO criteria, 1968); foundational work by Pepe, Altman, and others in statistical test evaluation	Paracelsus (conceptual foundation); formalized by John Snow and later Bradford Hill
Aina	Observational diagnostic / epidemiological evaluation design	Quantitative analytical method
Chanzo asilia	Wilson, J. M. G., & Jungner, G. (1968). Principles and Practice of Screening for Disease. World Health Organization. Public Health Papers No. 34.	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641
Majina mbadala	screening study, screening performance evaluation, screening accuracy assessment, STE	exposure-response analysis, concentration-response modeling, dose-response modeling, DRA
Zinazohusiana	6	4
Muhtasari	Screening test evaluation is a systematic epidemiological approach for assessing whether a test or program can accurately and cost-effectively identify individuals with a condition before symptoms appear. It quantifies diagnostic performance metrics — sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and the ROC curve — and evaluates whether a screening program meets established public health criteria for adoption and harm-benefit balance.	Dose-response analysis quantifies the relationship between the magnitude of an exposure (the dose) and the probability or rate of an outcome (the response). It is a core analytical strategy in epidemiology and toxicology, providing evidence that increasing exposure systematically increases — or decreases — the risk of disease. A demonstrated dose-response gradient is one of Bradford Hill's classic criteria supporting causal inference.