Linganisha mbinu

	Uchambuzi wa Biomarkers za Mate	Upimaji wa Periodontali
Nyanja	Tiba ya Meno	Tiba ya Meno
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2000s+ (clinical application)	1957
Mwanzilishi	Multiple innovators (Giannobile, Malamud, et al.)	American Academy of Periodontology
Aina	Laboratory and point-of-care diagnostics	Clinical measurement procedure
Chanzo asilia	Giannobile, W. V., McDevitt, J. T., Niedbala, R. S., Malamud, D., & Prozorovsky, T. (2009). Translating molecular diagnostics into clinical practice: Designing the next generation of oral health technologies. Advances in Dental Research, 23(1), 80-89.	Armitage, G. C. (1999). Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Annals of Periodontology, 4(1), 1-6.
Majina mbadala	saliva testing, salivary diagnostics, oral biomarker assessment	probing depth measurement, pocket depth assessment
Zinazohusiana	3	4
Muhtasari	Salivary biomarker analysis detects protein, molecular, or microbial markers in saliva that indicate oral and systemic disease. Salivary diagnostics assess risk and activity of dental caries, periodontal disease, oral cancer, and other conditions. Biomarkers include antimicrobial proteins (lysozyme, lactoferrin), inflammatory mediators (interleukins, TNF-alpha), cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans), and virulence factors. Point-of-care saliva testing offers rapid, non-invasive alternatives to conventional laboratory methods, enabling chairside diagnosis and personalized risk assessment.	Periodontal probing is a clinical assessment technique that measures the depth of gingival crevices and periodontal pockets to diagnose periodontal disease. Introduced by the American Academy of Periodontology in the mid-20th century, it remains the gold standard for assessing periodontal health status. The procedure evaluates the clinical attachment level and recession depth to identify inflammation, attachment loss, and disease progression.