Linganisha mbinu

	Uchambuzi wa Biomarkers za Mate	Kielelezo cha DMFT
Nyanja	Tiba ya Meno	Tiba ya Meno
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2000s+ (clinical application)	1938
Mwanzilishi	Multiple innovators (Giannobile, Malamud, et al.)	Henry Klein, Cedric Palmer, and James Knutson
Aina	Laboratory and point-of-care diagnostics	Epidemiological index
Chanzo asilia	Giannobile, W. V., McDevitt, J. T., Niedbala, R. S., Malamud, D., & Prozorovsky, T. (2009). Translating molecular diagnostics into clinical practice: Designing the next generation of oral health technologies. Advances in Dental Research, 23(1), 80-89.	Klein, H., Palmer, C. E., & Knutson, J. W. (1938). Studies on dental caries: I. Dental status and dental needs of elementary school children. Public Health Reports, 53(32), 1259-1274.
Majina mbadala	saliva testing, salivary diagnostics, oral biomarker assessment	DMF index, DMF score, DMFT score
Zinazohusiana	3	4
Muhtasari	Salivary biomarker analysis detects protein, molecular, or microbial markers in saliva that indicate oral and systemic disease. Salivary diagnostics assess risk and activity of dental caries, periodontal disease, oral cancer, and other conditions. Biomarkers include antimicrobial proteins (lysozyme, lactoferrin), inflammatory mediators (interleukins, TNF-alpha), cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans), and virulence factors. Point-of-care saliva testing offers rapid, non-invasive alternatives to conventional laboratory methods, enabling chairside diagnosis and personalized risk assessment.	The DMFT (Decayed, Missing due to caries, Filled) Index is a standardized epidemiological measure of dental caries experience in permanent dentition. Developed by Klein, Palmer, and Knutson in 1938, it quantifies the number of permanent teeth that are decayed, missing due to caries, or filled due to caries. The DMFT Index remains the most widely used caries index globally, enabling comparison of oral health across populations and tracking disease burden over time.