Linganisha mbinu

	Mbinu ya S-estimator kwa ajili ya Regresi Imara	Urejeshaji wa Njia ya Viwango Vidogo vya Kawaida (OLS)	Regression ya Kiasi (Quantile Regression)
Nyanja	Takwimu	Ekonometriki	Ekonometriki
Familia	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	1984	2019	1978
Mwanzilishi	Rousseeuw & Yohai (1984)	Wooldridge (textbook treatment); classical least squares	Koenker & Bassett
Aina	Robust linear regression	Linear regression	Conditional quantile regression
Chanzo asilia	Rousseeuw, P. J. & Yohai, V. J. (1984). Robust Regression by Means of S-Estimators. In Robust and Nonlinear Time Series Analysis (Lecture Notes in Statistics, Vol. 26, pp. 256-272). Springer.	Wooldridge, J. M. (2019). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1337558860	Koenker, R. & Bassett, G., Jr. (1978). Regression Quantiles. Econometrica, 46(1), 33-50.
Majina mbadala	S-estimation, robust S-regression, S-Tahmin Edici	ordinary least squares, classical linear regression, linear regression, en küçük kareler regresyonu	conditional quantile regression, regression quantiles, Kantil Regresyon
Zinazohusiana	5	5	5
Muhtasari	The S-estimator is a robust linear-regression method, introduced by Rousseeuw and Yohai in 1984, that estimates the coefficients by minimising a robust M-estimate of the residual scale rather than the variance of the residuals. By driving down a bounded measure of residual spread it can attain a breakdown point of up to 50%, so it stays reliable even when a large share of the data are outliers, and it provides the first stage of the well-known MM-estimator.	Ordinary Least Squares is the classical linear regression method that explains a continuous outcome as a linear combination of predictors. It estimates the coefficients by minimising the sum of squared residuals, and under the Gauss-Markov assumptions these estimates are the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE).	Quantile regression models conditional quantiles of an outcome - the median, the 25th or 75th percentile, and so on - rather than the conditional mean that OLS targets. Introduced by Koenker and Bassett in 1978, it reveals how predictors act across the whole distribution, including its tails.