Linganisha mbinu

	Vigezo vya Utambuzi vya Rome IV kwa Ugonjwa wa Utumbo unaowashwawashwa	GERD Health-Related Quality of Life Scale
Nyanja	Gastroenterolojia	Gastroenterolojia
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2016	1996
Mwanzilishi	Rome Foundation (multinational expert consensus)	Velanovich, V., Zhang, Y., Hollis, J. B., et al.
Aina	Diagnostic Criteria	Self-report
Chanzo asilia	Mearin, F., Lacy, B. E., Chang, L., et al. (2016). Bowel disorders. Gastroenterology. Published online June 2016 by the Rome Foundation.	Velanovich, V., Zhang, Y., Hollis, J. B., Feldman, M. I., Sampliner, R., Guan, W., & Escamilla, C. (1996). Presenting symptoms and outcome measures in reflux esophagitis. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 41(10), 1865–1873.
Majina mbadala	Rome IV IBS, Rome Criteria	GERD-HRQL, GERD-HRQoL
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Rome IV criteria are the internationally accepted diagnostic standard for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), published in 2016 by the Rome Foundation. These criteria define IBS as recurrent abdominal pain (≥1 day per week for ≥3 months) associated with altered bowel habits, without structural or biochemical abnormalities. IBS is subtyped into four patterns—IBS-constipation predominant (IBS-C), IBS-diarrhea predominant (IBS-D), IBS-mixed (IBS-M), and IBS-unclassified (IBS-U)—based on stool consistency patterns.	The GERD Health-Related Quality of Life Scale (GERD-HRQL) is a concise, validated patient-reported outcome measure for assessing the symptomatic and functional impact of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Developed by Velanovich and colleagues in 1996, the 9-item GERD-HRQL measures heartburn frequency and severity, regurgitation, and impact on sleep and medication use. The scale is highly responsive to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and is widely used in GERD trials and clinical practice.