Linganisha mbinu

	Kipimo cha Robust Wilcoxon Signed-Rank	Jaribio la Friedman lenye uthabiti
Nyanja	Takwimu	Takwimu
Familia	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
Mwaka wa asili	1945 (original); robust extensions 1990s–2000s	1990s–2000s
Mwanzilishi	Frank Wilcoxon (original); Rand R. Wilcox (robust extensions)	Extension of Friedman (1937); robust variants developed by Wilcox and colleagues
Aina	Robust nonparametric paired difference test	Robust nonparametric repeated measures comparison
Chanzo asilia	Wilcox, R. R. (2012). Introduction to Robust Estimation and Hypothesis Testing (3rd ed.). Academic Press. ISBN: 978-0123869838	Wilcox, R. R. (2012). Introduction to Robust Estimation and Hypothesis Testing (3rd ed.). Academic Press. ISBN: 978-0123869838
Majina mbadala	robust signed-rank test, robust nonparametric paired test, outlier-resistant Wilcoxon test, robust WSR test	robust rank-based repeated measures test, trimmed-mean Friedman test, Friedman test with robust estimation, Fried-type robust test
Zinazohusiana	5	6
Muhtasari	The robust Wilcoxon signed-rank test extends the classical Wilcoxon signed-rank test by incorporating outlier-resistant location measures or robust preprocessing steps, improving inference on paired data when extreme observations or heavy-tailed distributions threaten validity of standard rank-based conclusions.	The robust Friedman test is a nonparametric procedure for comparing three or more related (within-subjects) conditions that replaces standard ranking or mean-based summaries with robust location estimates — typically trimmed means or Winsorized statistics — to reduce the influence of outliers and heavy-tailed distributions on the inference.