Linganisha mbinu

	Uchanganuzi wa Kina wa Uhusiano wa Kimaeneo	Geary's C
Nyanja	Uchanganuzi wa Kimaeneo	Uchanganuzi wa Kimaeneo
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	1981–1995	1954
Mwanzilishi	Cliff & Ord; extended by Anselin and colleagues	Roy C. Geary
Aina	Spatial dependence test (robust variant)	Spatial autocorrelation statistic
Chanzo asilia	Anselin, L., & Florax, R. J. G. M. (1995). Small sample properties of tests for spatial dependence in regression models: some further results. In Anselin, L. & Florax, R. J. G. M. (Eds.), New Directions in Spatial Econometrics. Springer, Berlin.	Geary, R. C. (1954). The Contiguity Ratio and Statistical Mapping. The Incorporated Statistician, 5(3), 115–145.
Majina mbadala	robust Moran's I, robust spatial dependence test, outlier-resistant spatial autocorrelation, RSA	Geary contiguity ratio, Geary C statistic, spatial contiguity ratio, Geary's c
Zinazohusiana	5	4
Muhtasari	Robust spatial autocorrelation methods measure the degree to which nearby geographic units share similar values, while explicitly controlling for the distorting influence of spatial outliers and extreme observations. They extend classical statistics such as Moran's I by down-weighting or trimming observations that would otherwise inflate or deflate the autocorrelation signal.	Geary's C is a global spatial autocorrelation statistic that measures whether nearby areal units share similar attribute values. Unlike Moran's I, it focuses on squared differences between adjacent pairs rather than cross-products of deviations from the mean, making it more sensitive to local dissimilarity and less influenced by global trends.