Linganisha mbinu

	Uchambuzi Imara wa Upatanishi	Uchanganuzi wa Upatanishi
Nyanja	Takwimu	Takwimu
Familia	Latent structure	Hypothesis test
Mwaka wa asili	2008–2014	1986
Mwanzilishi	Yuan & MacKinnon (median-regression formulation, 2014); robust bootstrap variants popularised by Hayes (2013) and Preacher & Hayes (2008)	Baron & Kenny
Aina	Causal inference / indirect effects	Indirect effects / path test
Chanzo asilia	Yuan, Y., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2014). Robust mediation analysis based on median regression. Psychological Methods, 19(1), 1–20.	Baron, R. M. & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182.
Majina mbadala	robust indirect effects, outlier-resistant mediation, robust causal mediation	indirect effects analysis, path-based mediation, PROCESS macro mediation, Aracılık Analizi (Mediation / PROCESS)
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	Robust mediation analysis estimates the indirect effect of an independent variable on an outcome through one or more mediators using estimators that resist the influence of outliers and non-normal error distributions. By combining robust regression (such as median or M-estimation) with percentile or bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals, it yields trustworthy conclusions when standard ordinary-least-squares mediation would be distorted by extreme observations.	Mediation analysis is a statistical procedure that tests whether the effect of an independent variable X on an outcome Y operates wholly or partly through a third variable M, called the mediator. Formalised by Baron and Kenny in 1986, it decomposes the total effect of X on Y into a direct path (c′) and an indirect path (a × b), quantifying how much of the relationship is carried by the mediating mechanism.