Linganisha mbinu

	Uhusiano thabiti wa Cheo cha Kendall	Jaribio Imara la Mann-Whitney U
Nyanja	Takwimu	Takwimu
Familia	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
Mwaka wa asili	1990s–2000s	1947 / 2003
Mwanzilishi	Rand Wilcox; Croux & Dehon (robust extensions)	Rand Wilcox (robust extensions); original test by Mann & Whitney (1947)
Aina	Robust rank correlation	Robust nonparametric two-group comparison
Chanzo asilia	Wilcox, R. R. (2012). Introduction to Robust Estimation and Hypothesis Testing (3rd ed.). Academic Press. ISBN: 978-0123869838	Wilcox, R. R. (2005). Introduction to Robust Estimation and Hypothesis Testing (2nd ed.). Academic Press. ISBN: 978-0127515427
Majina mbadala	robust tau, skipped Kendall's tau, Winsorized Kendall's tau, outlier-resistant rank correlation	robust Wilcoxon rank-sum test, robust two-sample rank test, outlier-resistant Mann-Whitney test, robust nonparametric two-group comparison
Zinazohusiana	5	1
Muhtasari	Robust Kendall's tau estimates the monotone association between two variables using rank-based concordance counts, but augments the standard procedure with outlier detection or Winsorization so that a small number of extreme observations cannot distort the result. It is appropriate when data are ordinal or continuous and bivariate outliers are plausible.	The Robust Mann-Whitney U test is a nonparametric two-group comparison that combines the rank-based logic of the classic Mann-Whitney U test with modern robust techniques — such as outlier screening, trimmed means, or robust variance estimation — to produce reliable inferences when data contain extreme values, heavy-tailed distributions, or other violations that compromise the standard test.