Linganisha mbinu

	Robust Geary's C	Robust Moran's I ya Nguvu
Nyanja	Uchanganuzi wa Kimaeneo	Uchanganuzi wa Kimaeneo
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	1954 (base); robust variants: 1990s–2000s	1990s–2000s
Mwanzilishi	Geary (1954); robust extensions by Anselin and spatial statisticians	Extension of Moran (1950); robust adaptations developed in spatial statistics literature
Aina	Robust spatial autocorrelation statistic	Robust spatial autocorrelation statistic
Chanzo asilia	Geary, R. C. (1954). The contiguity ratio and statistical mapping. The Incorporated Statistician, 5(3), 115–145.	Anselin, L. (1995). Local indicators of spatial association—LISA. Geographical Analysis, 27(2), 93–115.
Majina mbadala	robust Geary contiguity ratio, outlier-resistant Geary's C, robust spatial contiguity statistic, robust Geary C	outlier-resistant Moran's I, robust spatial autocorrelation test, median-based Moran statistic, robust global spatial association
Zinazohusiana	6	6
Muhtasari	Robust Geary's C adapts the classical Geary contiguity ratio — a measure of spatial autocorrelation based on pairwise squared differences between neighbouring locations — to resist distortion by spatial outliers and influential observations. It retains the local sensitivity of Geary's C while producing more reliable inferences when the spatial data contain extreme values or non-normal distributions.	Robust Moran's I is an outlier-resistant adaptation of the classic Moran's I spatial autocorrelation statistic. By replacing the standard mean-based standardization with resistant measures of center and spread, it detects genuine geographic clustering without being distorted by a small number of extreme values in the attribute of interest.