Linganisha mbinu

	Robust Geary's C	Kiashirio cha Mfumo wa Geary wa Eneo (Local Geary's C)
Nyanja	Uchanganuzi wa Kimaeneo	Uchanganuzi wa Kimaeneo
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	1954 (base); robust variants: 1990s–2000s	1995
Mwanzilishi	Geary (1954); robust extensions by Anselin and spatial statisticians	Luc Anselin
Aina	Robust spatial autocorrelation statistic	Local spatial statistic
Chanzo asilia	Geary, R. C. (1954). The contiguity ratio and statistical mapping. The Incorporated Statistician, 5(3), 115–145.	Anselin, L. (1995). Local indicators of spatial association — LISA. Geographical Analysis, 27(2), 93–115.
Majina mbadala	robust Geary contiguity ratio, outlier-resistant Geary's C, robust spatial contiguity statistic, robust Geary C	Local Geary, local spatial contiguity ratio, LISA Geary, local c statistic
Zinazohusiana	6	6
Muhtasari	Robust Geary's C adapts the classical Geary contiguity ratio — a measure of spatial autocorrelation based on pairwise squared differences between neighbouring locations — to resist distortion by spatial outliers and influential observations. It retains the local sensitivity of Geary's C while producing more reliable inferences when the spatial data contain extreme values or non-normal distributions.	Local Geary's C is a local indicator of spatial association (LISA) that measures, for each location, how dissimilar its value is from its immediate neighbours. Unlike Local Moran's I, which detects clustering of similar values, Local Geary's C focuses on squared value differences and is especially sensitive to local spatial outliers and local heterogeneity.