Linganisha mbinu

	Takwimu Elekezi Imara	Jaribio la t Imara la Sampuli Huru
Nyanja	Takwimu	Takwimu
Familia	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
Mwaka wa asili	1960s–1970s	1974–1990s
Mwanzilishi	John W. Tukey, Peter J. Huber, Frank Hampel	Rand R. Wilcox; Karen K. Yuen (trimmed-mean form)
Aina	Resistant summary measures	Robust parametric mean comparison
Chanzo asilia	Tukey, J. W. (1977). Exploratory Data Analysis. Addison-Wesley. ISBN: 978-0201076165	Wilcox, R. R. (2012). Introduction to Robust Estimation and Hypothesis Testing (3rd ed.). Academic Press. ISBN: 978-0123869838
Majina mbadala	resistant statistics, outlier-resistant summary statistics, robust summary measures, robust location and scale estimation	Yuen's t-test, trimmed-mean t-test, Winsorized t-test, robust two-sample test
Zinazohusiana	5	2
Muhtasari	Robust descriptive statistics summarize the location, spread, and shape of a dataset using measures that remain meaningful even when a fraction of the data contains outliers or severe departures from normality. Core tools include the median, trimmed mean, interquartile range (IQR), and median absolute deviation (MAD), all of which are resistant to contamination that would distort the classic mean and standard deviation.	The robust independent samples t-test compares the central tendency of two independent groups using trimmed means and Winsorized variances, making it substantially less sensitive to outliers and non-normality than the classical Student or Welch t-test. The most widely used form is Yuen's test, which also accommodates unequal variances across groups.