Linganisha mbinu

	Regresheni Hodari ya Cox	Regression Imara (Robust Regression)
Nyanja	Takwimu	Takwimu
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	1989	1964
Mwanzilishi	Lin & Wei	Peter J. Huber (M-estimation, 1964); Frank Hampel (influence function, 1974)
Aina	Semi-parametric survival regression with robust variance	Regression with outlier resistance
Chanzo asilia	Lin, D. Y., & Wei, L. J. (1989). The robust inference for the Cox proportional hazards model. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 84(408), 1074–1078.	Huber, P. J. (1964). Robust estimation of a location parameter. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 35(1), 73–101.
Majina mbadala	Cox model with robust standard errors, sandwich-variance Cox regression, Lin-Wei robust Cox model, robust partial likelihood regression	M-estimation regression, robust linear regression, outlier-resistant regression, MM-estimation
Zinazohusiana	3	6
Muhtasari	Robust Cox regression fits the standard Cox proportional hazards model but replaces the model-based variance estimate with a sandwich (Huber-White) estimator. This yields valid standard errors and confidence intervals even when observations are clustered, the independence assumption is mildly violated, or the working model is slightly misspecified, without discarding the familiar hazard-ratio interpretation.	Robust regression estimates the linear relationship between a continuous outcome and predictors while sharply reducing the influence of outliers and leverage points. Unlike OLS, which is highly sensitive to extreme observations, robust methods assign down-weighted influence to atypical data points, producing coefficient estimates that remain stable even when a fraction of the data is contaminated or non-normally distributed.