Linganisha mbinu

	Kipimo cha Mizizi Mfumo cha Robust Augmented Dickey-Fuller	Kipimo cha Mizizi ya Kitengo Isiyo-Laini (Kipimo cha KSS)
Nyanja	Ekonometriki	Ekonometriki
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	1996-2001	2003
Mwanzilishi	Ng and Perron (2001); Elliott, Rothenberg, and Stock (1996)	Kapetanios, Shin, and Snell
Aina	Unit root / stationarity test	Nonlinear unit root test
Chanzo asilia	Ng, S., and Perron, P. (2001). Lag length selection and the construction of unit root tests with good size and power. Econometrica, 69(6), 1519-1554.	Kapetanios, G., Shin, Y., & Snell, A. (2003). Testing for a unit root in the nonlinear STAR framework. Journal of Econometrics, 112(2), 359-379.
Majina mbadala	robust ADF test, HAC-corrected ADF, heteroscedasticity-robust unit root test, GLS-detrended ADF	KSS test, nonlinear unit root test, ESTAR unit root test, Kapetanios-Shin-Snell test
Zinazohusiana	6	6
Muhtasari	The Robust ADF unit root test extends the classical ADF procedure with improvements that correct for size distortions arising from heteroscedastic or serially correlated errors, and from poor lag-length selection. Drawing on GLS detrending (Elliott, Rothenberg, and Stock 1996) and modified information criteria (Ng and Perron 2001), it delivers reliable size and power in the presence of non-standard error processes common in macroeconomic and financial time series.	The Nonlinear ADF unit root test, most prominently operationalized by Kapetanios, Shin, and Snell (2003), extends the classical Augmented Dickey-Fuller test to detect mean reversion that occurs via an Exponential Smooth Transition Autoregressive (ESTAR) process. It tests the null of a unit root against a nonlinear stationary alternative, capturing adjustment dynamics that the standard linear ADF test misses.