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| Chati ya Kudhibiti Inayozingatia Hatari× | Uchambuzi wa Njia za Kushindwa na Athari Zake (FMEA)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Muundo wa Majaribio | Muundo wa Majaribio |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1956 (economic design); refined through 1980s–2000s | 1949 (military); widespread industrial adoption 1970s–1980s |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | A. J. Duncan (economic design, 1956); T. J. Lorenzen & L. C. Vance (unified economic model, 1986) | U.S. Military / NASA (formalized by MIL-P-1629, 1949) |
| Aina≠ | Quantitative process monitoring method | Proactive risk analysis technique |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Lorenzen, T. J., & Vance, L. C. (1986). The economic design of control charts: A unified approach. Technometrics, 28(1), 3–10. DOI ↗ | Stamatis, D. H. (2003). Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: FMEA from Theory to Execution (2nd ed.). ASQ Quality Press. ISBN: 978-0873895989 |
| Majina mbadala | economic control chart, risk-integrated SPC, cost-based control chart, economic design of control charts | FMEA, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, FMECA, Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis |
| Zinazohusiana | 6 | 6 |
| Muhtasari≠ | A risk-based control chart extends the classical Shewhart control chart by explicitly incorporating the costs and probabilities of two error types — false alarms (Type I) and missed shifts (Type II) — along with sampling costs, into the design of chart parameters. Rather than using arbitrary 3-sigma limits, the method selects sample size, sampling interval, and control limits to minimise the total expected cost or risk of operating the monitoring scheme. | Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a structured, proactive risk management technique used to identify potential failure modes in a system, process, or product design, evaluate their consequences, and prioritize corrective actions before failures occur. Originally developed for the U.S. military in 1949 and later adopted by NASA, automotive, and manufacturing industries, FMEA is now a cornerstone quality-engineering tool embedded in standards such as AIAG-VDA and ISO 9001-aligned processes. |
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