Linganisha mbinu

	Cox ya Hatari Husababishwa na Hatari	Msimamizi wa Kaplan-Meier
Nyanja	Epidemiolojia	Takwimu
Familia	Process / pipeline	Survival analysis
Mwaka wa asili	1972 (Cox model); risk adjustment widespread from 1980s	1958
Mwanzilishi	D. R. Cox (base model); risk-adjustment as routine practice formalised through clinical epidemiology literature from the 1980s onward	Edward L. Kaplan and Paul Meier
Aina	Multivariable survival regression	Nonparametric estimator
Chanzo asilia	Cox, D. R. (1972). Regression models and life-tables. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 34(2), 187–202.	Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1958). Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 53(282), 457–481.
Majina mbadala	adjusted Cox regression, multivariable Cox model, covariate-adjusted survival analysis, risk-adjusted survival model	KM estimator, product-limit estimator, Kaplan-Meier curve, survival curve estimator
Zinazohusiana	5	2
Muhtasari	Risk-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression extends the classical Cox (1972) survival model by simultaneously entering known confounders — age, sex, comorbidities, disease severity — into the model alongside the exposure of primary interest. This adjustment isolates the independent effect of the exposure on the hazard of an event, producing hazard ratios (HRs) that are not distorted by baseline differences between comparison groups. It is the most widely used method for multivariable survival analysis in clinical and epidemiological research.	The Kaplan-Meier estimator is a nonparametric method for estimating the survival function S(t) — the probability that an individual survives beyond time t — from data that include censored observations. Introduced by Edward L. Kaplan and Paul Meier in their landmark 1958 JASA paper, it is the standard first step in any survival analysis and is among the most-cited statistical methods in biomedical research.