Linganisha mbinu

	Uchambuzi Retrospective Kaplan-Meier	Kipimo cha Log-Rank cha Kulinganisha Milia ya Uhai
Nyanja	Epidemiolojia	Uchanganuzi wa Uhai
Familia	Process / pipeline	Survival analysis
Mwaka wa asili	1958 (method); retrospective application standard in clinical research since 1970s–1980s)	1966
Mwanzilishi	Edward L. Kaplan and Paul Meier	Mantel, N.
Aina	Non-parametric survival analysis applied to historical data	Non-parametric hypothesis test
Chanzo asilia	Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1958). Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 53(282), 457–481.	Mantel, N. (1966). Evaluation of Survival Data and Two New Rank Order Statistics Arising in Its Consideration. Cancer Chemotherapy Reports, 50(3), 163–170.
Majina mbadala	retrospective KM analysis, retrospective survival curve estimation, historical Kaplan-Meier, retrospective KM estimator	Mantel log-rank test, Mantel-Cox test, log-rank sağkalım testi, Log-Rank Testi
Zinazohusiana	5	2
Muhtasari	Retrospective Kaplan-Meier analysis applies the Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimator to time-to-event data drawn from existing records — medical charts, registries, or administrative databases — rather than from a prospectively followed cohort. The method estimates the probability of surviving (or remaining event-free) beyond any given time point while accounting for participants whose follow-up ended before the event occurred (censored observations). It is among the most commonly reported analyses in clinical oncology, cardiology, and surgery.	The log-rank test, developed by Nathan Mantel in 1966, is a non-parametric hypothesis test that compares the overall survival experience of two or more groups throughout the entire follow-up period. It is the standard companion to Kaplan-Meier curves and determines whether observed differences between curves are statistically meaningful.