Linganisha mbinu

	Kanuni za Uadilifu wa Utafiti	Mgongano wa Maslahi katika Utafiti
Nyanja	Maadili ya Utafiti	Maadili ya Utafiti
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2007	2013
Mwanzilishi	Multiple (National Academies, NIH/ORI, ESOMAR, individual discipline standards)	Multiple (NIH, ICMJE, institutional COI policies)
Aina	Framework	Guideline
Chanzo asilia	National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2017). Fostering Integrity in Research. The National Academies Press.	International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. (2023). Defining the Role of Authors and Contributors. ICMJE Recommendations for Manuscript Authorship.
Majina mbadala	Responsible Conduct of Research, RCR, Research Ethics Standards	COI, Conflicts of Interest
Zinazohusiana	4	3
Muhtasari	Research integrity encompasses the ethical and professional standards that guide responsible conduct in all aspects of research—from study design and data collection through analysis, reporting, and publication. The core principles—honesty, transparency, accountability, respect, and stewardship—ensure that research is trustworthy, reproducible, and contributes legitimate knowledge. These principles are universal across disciplines and are enforced through institutional policies, professional standards, and regulatory oversight. Violations of research integrity undermine scientific credibility and can harm subjects, institutions, and public trust.	A conflict of interest (COI) in research exists when a researcher has financial, professional, or personal interests that might bias their research judgment or outcomes. Conflicts are inherent in research communities—researchers often have legitimate stakes in their research's success—but unmanaged conflicts compromise research integrity and public trust. Managing COI requires transparent disclosure, institutional oversight, and proactive mitigation strategies to minimize bias risk while allowing legitimate research to proceed.