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| Religious Orientation Scale (ROS)× | Kiwango cha Mwelekeo wa Dini wa Utafutaji× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja≠ | Religious Studies | Saikolojia ya Dini |
| Familia≠ | Latent structure | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1967 | 1976 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Gordon W. Allport & J. Michael Ross | Daniel C. Batson & W. Larry Ventis |
| Aina≠ | Two-factor attitudinal scale with fourfold categorization | Self-report |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Allport, G. W., & Ross, J. M. (1967). Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5(4), 432-443. DOI ↗ | Batson, C. D., & Ventis, W. L. (1982). The Religious Experience: A Social-Psychological Perspective. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780195030761. link ↗ |
| Majina mbadala≠ | Allport-Ross ROS, Religious Orientation Scale, Intrinsic-Extrinsic Religious Orientation Scale, Indiscriminate Proreligious Categorization | Quest Scale, Religious Quest |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 3 | 4 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Religious Orientation Scale (ROS), introduced by Gordon Allport and J. Michael Ross in 1967, is the instrument that operationalized Allport's distinction between two motivational stances toward faith. The extrinsic orientation treats religion as a means to other ends — comfort, security, social standing — while the intrinsic orientation treats faith as the master motive that the believer lives by. The ROS measures the two orientations on separate item sets rather than as opposite ends of one continuum, which means a respondent can score high, low, or moderate on each independently. Allport and Ross used this independence to build a fourfold typology, adding the 'indiscriminately proreligious' (high on both) and 'indiscriminately antireligious' (low on both) categories, and showed that orientation, not mere churchgoing, predicted prejudice. | The Quest Scale, developed by Batson and Ventis (1976), is a 12-item self-report measure of a third religious orientation beyond Allport and Ross's intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity. The 'quest' orientation reflects an open, questioning approach to religion: someone who views faith as an ongoing journey of exploration and doubt rather than a settled worldview or instrumental tool. High quest scorers embrace existential uncertainty, seek genuine answers to life's deepest questions, and are comfortable with religious doubt and revision. The scale has become important in understanding mature religious development and predicting prosocial behavior, openness, and psychological flexibility. |
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