Linganisha mbinu

	Relative Deprivation Scale	Intergroup Threat Scale
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Siasa	Saikolojia ya Siasa
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1966	1999
Mwanzilishi	Walter Runciman; Heather Smith & Thomas Pettigrew	Walter G. Stephan & Cookie White Stephan
Aina	Self-report perception scale	Self-report attitude scale
Chanzo asilia	Smith, H. J., Pettigrew, T. F., Pippin, G. M., & Bialosiewicz, S. (2012). Relative deprivation: A theoretical and meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16(3), 203-232.	Stephan, W. G., Ybarra, O., & Bachman, G. (1999). Prejudice toward immigrants. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29(11), 2221-2237.
Majina mbadala	RD Scale, Fraternal Relative Deprivation Scale, Group Relative Deprivation Measure	Integrated Threat Scale, Realistic and Symbolic Threat Scale, Perceived Threat Scale
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Relative Deprivation Scale measures the subjective sense that one's own group (fraternal/group relative deprivation) or oneself (egoistic/individual relative deprivation) is unjustly worse off than a relevant comparison standard, accompanied by feelings of resentment. Building on Runciman (1966) and synthesized by Smith and colleagues (2012), it captures the three-component process, cognitive comparison, appraisal of injustice, and affective resentment, that links inequality to political action.	The Intergroup Threat Scale operationalizes intergroup (originally integrated) threat theory (Stephan & Stephan), which holds that prejudice toward an out-group arises from perceived realistic threats (to the in-group's resources, power, or welfare) and symbolic threats (to its values, beliefs, and worldview). It is a self-report measure widely used to explain attitudes toward immigrants and other out-groups in political psychology.