Linganisha mbinu

	Muundo wa Gaussian Mixture Ulioimarishwa	Uainishaji wa K-means
Nyanja	Ujifunzaji wa Mashine	Ujifunzaji wa Mashine
Familia	Machine learning	Machine learning
Mwaka wa asili	2000s–2010s	1967 (formalized 1982)
Mwanzilishi	Fraley, C. & Raftery, A. E. (regularization formalized); sklearn team (practical reg_covar parameter)	MacQueen, J. B.; Lloyd, S. P.
Aina	Probabilistic clustering with regularization	Partitional clustering
Chanzo asilia	Fraley, C. & Raftery, A. E. (2002). Model-based clustering, discriminant analysis, and density estimation. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 97(458), 611–631.	Lloyd, S. P. (1982). Least squares quantization in PCM. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 28(2), 129–137.
Majina mbadala	Regularized GMM, GMM with covariance regularization, stabilized Gaussian mixture model, penalized GMM	k-means clustering, Lloyd's algorithm, k-means partitioning, hard k-means
Zinazohusiana	5	4
Muhtasari	A Regularized Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) adds a small positive constant to the diagonal of each component covariance matrix during the Expectation-Maximization algorithm, preventing singular or near-singular matrices that cause numerical failures when the data are sparse, high-dimensional, or contain near-duplicate observations.	K-means is a classic unsupervised partitional clustering algorithm that divides a dataset into K non-overlapping groups by iteratively assigning each observation to its nearest centroid and updating centroids as the mean of their assigned points. It is one of the most widely used exploratory tools in machine learning and data analysis.