Linganisha mbinu

	Utafiti unaotegemea Rejesta	Ubunifu wa Utafiti wa Kikundi
Nyanja	Utafiti wa Kliniki	Utafiti wa Kliniki
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2000s-present	1970s-1980s
Mwanzilishi	Patient registries began mid-20th century; modern registry research formalized 2000s–2010s	Donald Acheson, Olli Miettinen, and others in modern epidemiology
Aina	Research Design	Research Design
Chanzo asilia	Gini, R., Francesconi, P., Mazzaglia, G., Brignoli, G., Cricelli, C., Lapi, F., & Cricelli, A. (2020). Chronic disease prevalence from Italian administrative databases: the PREVALENTIST study. BMC Public Health, 13, 191.	Miettinen, O. S. (1976). Estimability and estimation in case-referent studies. American Journal of Epidemiology, 103(2), 226–235.
Majina mbadala	registry research, registry study, disease registry, registry-based cohort	prospective study, follow-up study, longitudinal study, cohort study
Zinazohusiana	3	2
Muhtasari	Registry-based research uses systematically collected clinical data from patient registries—organized databases of patients with a specific disease or condition—to conduct observational studies. Registries began in the mid-20th century but have proliferated since the 2000s as electronic health records expanded and funding agencies recognized their value for real-world evidence generation. Registry studies provide large, diverse, representative populations without the cost of recruiting and following prospectively, enabling rapid generation of clinical evidence.	A cohort study follows a group of individuals forward in time from exposure to outcome. Exposed and unexposed participants (or participants with differing exposure levels) are enrolled at baseline, characterized, and observed prospectively until the outcome occurs or the study ends. Cohort studies are fundamental to epidemiology and are the design of choice for establishing causal associations when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical.