Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwalajishaji cha Maswali kuhusu Motisha ya Kusoma	Kiwango cha Ushiriki wa Mwanafunzi
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Elimu	Saikolojia ya Elimu
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2000	2004
Mwanzilishi	Allan Wigfield, John Guthrie	Jennifer Fredricks, Phyllis Blumenfeld, Alison Paris
Aina	Reading motivation assessment	Multidimensional engagement assessment
Chanzo asilia	Wigfield, A., & Guthrie, J. T. (2000). Engagement and motivation in reading. In M. L. Kamil, P. B. Mosenthal, P. D. Pearson, & R. Barr (Eds.), Handbook of Reading Research (Vol. 3, pp. 403-422). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.	Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59-109.
Majina mbadala	MRQ, Reading Motivation Scale	SES, Academic Engagement Measure
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Motivation for Reading Questionnaire (MRQ) is a self-report instrument assessing students' motivation to read and engagement with reading activities. Developed by Wigfield and Guthrie (2000), it measures both intrinsic motivation (reading for enjoyment and understanding) and extrinsic motivation (reading for grades or to avoid punishment), along with beliefs about reading efficacy and value. Reading motivation is a primary predictor of reading comprehension, frequency, and lifetime literacy engagement.	The Student Engagement Scale (SES) measures the extent to which students are actively involved in academic and social aspects of school or university life. Grounded in Fredricks et al.'s multidimensional framework, the instrument assesses behavioral engagement (participation, attendance, effort), emotional engagement (interest, belonging, enthusiasm), and cognitive engagement (mental effort, deep thinking, persistence). High engagement is consistently associated with better learning outcomes and well-being.